• Radiofrequency ablation of the thyroid gland is an efficacious treatment for persistent/relapsed Graves' disease in well-selected patients.
• Radiofrequency ablation of the thyroid gland for the treatment of persistent/relapsed Graves' disease is a safe and well-tolerated ambulatory procedure.
• Radiofrequency ablation of the thyroid gland may be a potential alternative treatment for well-selected patients with persistent/relapsed GD who do not wish to undergo either thyroidectomy or radioactive iodine or continue antithyroid drugs.

Graves' disease (GD) is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism. Antithyroid drug (ATD) is often the first-line treatment but > 50% patients suffer a relapse when ATD is discontinued. Surgery or radioiodine remains the current options of definitive treatment in these patients. This pilot study examined the short-term efficacy of single-session thyroid radiofrequency ablation (RFA) as a novel definitive treatment for persistent/relapsed GD.