Microwave Ablation (MWA) is a minimally invasive, non‑surgical treatment used to shrink and destroy thyroid nodules using targeted microwave energy. During the procedure, a thin probe is guided into the nodule under ultrasound. The probe emits microwave energy, which causes water molecules in the tissue to rapidly oscillate, generating heat that destroys the nodule from the inside.

MWA works similarly to Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA), but it can heat tissue faster and more aggressively, and is less affected by the electrical properties of the nodule. This makes it an effective option for benign solid nodules, symptomatic nodules, and in some centers, autonomously functioning (“toxic”) nodules.

Studies show that MWA can significantly reduce nodule size—often achieving over 60% shrinkage within 3 months, and up to 88% reduction by 12 months. The procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia, leaves no surgical scar, and allows patients to return to normal activities quickly.

You may be a candidate for Microwave Ablation if you have a benign thyroid nodule that is causing symptoms or cosmetic concerns. MWA is especially appropriate for patients who:

• Have benign solid or predominantly solid thyroid nodules confirmed by ultrasound and biopsy

• Experience pressure, discomfort, difficulty swallowing, or visible neck fullness

• Prefer a non‑surgical option or want to avoid a neck scar

• Have medical conditions that make surgery higher risk

• Have a toxic (autonomously functioning) thyroid nodule causing hyperthyroidism

• Want a faster recovery and minimal downtime

• Have had prior thyroid surgery and want to avoid repeat surgery

MWA is not typically used for nodules that are purely cystic or for confirmed thyroid cancers, though it may be considered in select cases under specialist guidance.

Microwave Ablation is best suited for:

✅ Benign Solid Thyroid Nodules

These respond extremely well to heat‑based ablation and typically shrink significantly over time.

✅ Symptomatic Nodules

MWA is ideal for nodules causing:

• Pressure or tightness in the neck

• Difficulty swallowing

• Voice changes

• Cosmetic concerns due to visible swelling

✅ Autonomously Functioning (“Toxic”) Nodules

MWA can reduce hormone‑producing tissue and help normalize thyroid levels without radioactive iodine or surgery.

✅ Large Nodules (≥2 cm)

Larger nodules often cause symptoms and are excellent candidates for volume reduction.

✅ Patients Seeking a Minimally Invasive Option

MWA is performed under local anesthesia, with no surgical incision and minimal downtime.

Microwave Ablation offers several advantages over traditional surgery:

✅ Minimally Invasive

A thin probe is inserted through the skin — no surgical incision, no stitches, and no scar.

✅ Preserves Thyroid Function

Most patients do not need thyroid medication after MWA because the healthy thyroid tissue is left intact.

✅ Quick Procedure

MWA typically takes 15–30 minutes and is performed under local anesthesia.

✅ Fast Recovery

Most patients return to normal activities the same day or the next day.

✅ Significant Nodule Shrinkage

Studies show:

• ~60% shrinkage by 3 months

• Up to ~80–90% shrinkage by 12 months

✅ Low Risk of Complications

MWA avoids the risks associated with surgery, such as general anesthesia, scarring, and long recovery.

Recovery from MWA is typically very smooth:

✅ Immediately After the Procedure

• Mild swelling or soreness at the treatment site

• Temporary neck fullness or warmth

• Most patients go home within 30–60 minutes

✅ First 24–48 Hours

• Mild discomfort managed with over‑the‑counter pain relievers

• Small bandage at the entry site

• Normal eating and speaking

✅ Return to Activities

• Light activities: same day

• Work and normal routines: next day

• Exercise: usually within 48–72 hours

✅ Long‑Term Recovery

• The nodule gradually shrinks over months

• Symptoms improve as the nodule reduces in size

• Follow‑up ultrasound is typically done at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months