Microwave ablation (MWA) has become increasingly popular as a minimally invasive treatment for benign and malignant tumors of the liver, lung and kidney. Recently, two studies have attempted to apply the technique to debulk benign thyroid nodules and gained positive results.

This study explores the use of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or related thermal techniques for treating benign thyroid nodules. It highlights clinical outcomes, safety, and effectiveness relevant to both patients and insurance providers. Microwave ablation (MWA) has become increasingly popular as a minimally invasive treatment for benign and malignant tumors of the liver, lung and kidney. Recently, two studies have attempted to apply the technique to debulk benign thyroid nodules and gained positive results. MWA of benign nodules demonstrated significant volume reductions, while solving nodule-related clinical problems. This article reviews the basic physics, therapeutic indications, patient preparation, devices, procedures, clinical results and complications of thyroid MWA.