The short-term effects of microwave ablation (MWA) for the treatment of benign thyroid nodules (BTNs) were satisfactory in previous studies. However, as a slowly progressing disease, the long-term efficacy of MWA for BTNs at present is not clear.

This study explores the use of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or related thermal techniques for treating benign thyroid nodules. It highlights clinical outcomes, safety, and effectiveness relevant to both patients and insurance providers. The short-term effects of microwave ablation (MWA) for the treatment of benign thyroid nodules (BTNs) were satisfactory in previous studies. However, as a slowly progressing disease, the long-term efficacy of MWA for BTNs at present is not clear. Our study aim was to assess the long-term results of MWA for BTNs after a 48-month follow-up. Based on a long-term follow-up, MWA is an effective method for treating BTNs and is expected to be a potential first-line treatment.