The purpose of this study is to validate the generalizability of the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency (RF) ablation for treating autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN) in a large population multicenter study. Methods: This study included 44 patients from 5 institutions who refused or were not suitable for surgery or radioiodine therapy.

This study explores the use of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or related thermal techniques for treating benign thyroid nodules. It highlights clinical outcomes, safety, and effectiveness relevant to both patients and insurance providers. The purpose of this study is to validate the generalizability of the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency (RF) ablation for treating autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN) in a large population multicenter study. Methods: This study included 44 patients from 5 institutions who refused or were not suitable for surgery or radioiodine therapy. Twenty-three patients were affected by a toxic nodule and 21 by a pretoxic nodule. RF ablation was performed using an 18-gauge, internally cooled electrode. Nodule volume, thyroid function, scintigraphy, symptom/cosmetic scores, and complications were evaluated before treatment and during each follow-up.