Thyroid nodules are a fairly common finding in general population and, even if most of them are benign, a treatment can be however necessary. In the last years, non surgical minimally invasive techniques have been developed to treat this pathology, starting from percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), to laser ablation (LA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and, most recently, microwave ablation (MWA). Most recently, microwave ablation (MWA) has been proposed to treat thyroid nodules, taking experience from its use in other organs like liver, kidney and lung in particular (9).

This study explores the use of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or related thermal techniques for treating benign thyroid nodules. It highlights clinical outcomes, safety, and effectiveness relevant to both patients and insurance providers. Thyroid nodules are a fairly common finding in general population and, even if most of them are benign, a treatment can be however necessary. In the last years, non surgical minimally invasive techniques have been developed to treat this pathology, starting from percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), to laser ablation (LA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and, most recently, microwave ablation (MWA). Most recently, microwave ablation (MWA) has been proposed to treat thyroid nodules, taking experience from its use in other organs like liver, kidney and lung in particular (9). MWA has the following advantages respect to RFA: reduction in treatment time, larger ablation zone, less heat sink effect (10). Aim of this review article was to evaluate all the studies concerning thyroid MWA, with a particular focus on safety and efficacy of the procedure and on results compared to RFA.